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Malayopython reticulatus (SCHNEIDER, 1801)

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Higher TaxaPythonidae, Henophidia, Pythonoidea, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMalayopython reticulatus reticulatus (SCHNEIDER 1801)
Malayopython reticulatus saputrai (AULIYA, MAUSFELD, SCHMITZ & BÖHME 2002)
Malayopython reticulatus jampeanus (AULIYA, MAUSFELD, SCHMITZ & BÖHME 2002) 
Common NamesE: Reticulated Python
G: Netzpython 
SynonymBoa reticulata SCHNEIDER 1801
Boa rhombeata SCHNEIDER 1801
Boa Phrygia SHAW 1802
Coluber Javanicus SHAW 1802
Python Schneideri MERREM 1820
Python reticulatus — FITZINGER 1826
Constrictor schneideri — WAGLER 1830
Python schneiderii — CUVIER 1831: 96
Python reticulatus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1844: 426
Python reticulatus — BOULENGER 1893: 85
Python reticulatus — SMITH 1943: 109
Python reticulatus — HENDRICKSON 1966: 67
Morelia reticulatus — WELCH 1988
Python reticulatus — KLUGE 1993
Python reticulatus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 429
Python reticulatus — COX et al. 1998: 14
Python reticulatus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 179
Broghammerus reticulatus — HOSER 2004
Broghammerus reticulatus dalegibbonsi HOSER 2004
Broghammerus reticulatus euanedwardsi HOSER 2004
Broghammerus reticulatus haydnmacphiei HOSER 2004
Broghammerus reticulatus neilsonnemani HOSER 2004
Broghammerus reticulatus patrickcouperi HOSER 2004
Broghammerus reticulatus stuartbigmorei HOSER 2004 (nom. dub.)
Broghammerus reticulatus — RAWLINGS et al. 2008
Phyton reticulatus — RELOX et al. 2011 (in error)
Python (Broghammerus) reticulatus reticulatus — KOCH 2012
Broghammerus reticulatus — COX et al. 2012: 48
Python reticulatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 621
Malayopython reticulatus — REYNOLDS et al. 2014
Python reticulatus — CHAN-ARD et al. 2015: 153

Malayopython reticulatus jampeanus (AULIYA et al. 2002)
Python reticulatus jampeanus AULIYA, MAUSFELD, SCHMITZ & BÖHME 2002
Python reticulatus jampeanus — DE LANG & VOGEL 2005
Broghammerus reticulatus jampeanus — RAWLINGS et al. 2008 (by implication)
Python reticulatus jampeanus — KOCH 2011
Python (Broghammerus) reticulatus jampeanus — KOCH 2012
Python reticulatus jampeanus — WIRTH & GEIGER 2012
Malayopython reticulatus jampeanus — REYNOLD et al. 2014

Malayopython reticulatus saputrai (AULIYA et al. 2002)
Python reticulatus saputrai AULIYA, MAUSFELD, SCHMITZ & BÖHME 2002
Python reticulatus saputrai — DE LANG & VOGEL 2005
Broghammerus reticulatus saputrai — RAWLINGS et al. 2008 (by implication)
Python reticulatus saputrai — KOCH 2011
Python (Broghammerus) reticulatus saputrai — KOCH 2012
Malayopython reticulatus saputrai — REYNOLD et al. 2014 
DistributionIndonesia (Ambon, Anambas Islands, Babi, Bacan = Batjan, Bali ?, Banda Besar, Bangka, Bankak, Belitung, Boano, Borneo, Buru, Butung, Enggano, Flores, Halmahera, Haruku, Java, Kalimantan, Krakatau, Lang, Lombok, Mentawai Archipelago, Natuna Archipelago, Nias, Obira, Riau Archipelago, Saparua, Seram; Simeulue, Sula Archipelago, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sumba, Sumbawa, Tanimbar, Ternate, Timor, Verlate, We); Timor-Leste,
Bangladesh [Khan, 1988; Das, 1994];
Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; India (Nicobar Islands);
Laos; Malaysia (Malaya and East Malaysia, Pulau Tioman);
W Malaysia (fide Grandison 1977), Myanmar (Burma);
Philippines (Basilan, Bohol, Cebu, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Palawan: Calamian Islands, Panay, Polillo, Samar, Tawi-Tawi, Sulu Archipelago, Itbayat); Singapore, Thailand; Vietnam.

saputrai: Selayar (= Salayar) Island [6.10°S; 120.50°E], south of SW Sulawesi in the Flores Sea (Fig. 1) and SW Sulawesi; Type locality: Selayar Island, Indonesia

jampeanus: With certainty only known from Tanahjampea (7°4S; 120°41E); possibly also on some small neighboring islands, Sulawesi (DE LANG & VOGEL 2006). Type locality: Tanahjampea Island, Indonesia.

Type locality: unknown (fide KLUGE 1993)
Type locality: Rengit, West Malaysia [fide Auliya et al. 2002]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: ZFMK 32378
Holotype: ZFMK 73473 [saputrai]
Holotype: ZFMK 73475 [jampeanus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): A genus of pythonine snakes, of large to gigantic size (adult total length reportedly to 10 m). Differentiated from Python (s.s.) by having the supralabial thermoreceptive pits less well defined than the infralabial pits (converse arrangement in Python); by infralabial pits set in a longitudinal groove defined ventrally by a longitudinal fold; colour pattern of the suborbital supralabial region similar to the rest of the supralabials, compared with Python, in which there is a dark suborbital patch; elongate medial anterior process of the ectopterygoid, which extends much further anteriorly than the lateral anterior process, compared with subequal processes in Python (excluding P. curtus); and by hemipenial morphology (McDowell et al., 175); not known for timoriensis). Otherwise most similar to Morelia and Liasis, from which it can be differentiated (along with species of Python) by having the suborbital portion of the maxilla without any lateral flare or projection; the mandibular foramen of the compound bone lying below the posterior end of the dentary tooth row, rather than fully posterior to it; a large medially divided frontal; high midbody scale count (54 or more). [from McDowell, 175 and Kluge, 13] 
CommentSynonymy partly after SCHLEIP & O’SHEA 2010.

Conservation: This species is commercially exploited for the skin trade. From Im 2000 to 2007 Malaysia and Indonesia exported 1,246,03 and 1,241,076 wild pythons, respectively, just for the fashion industry! [M. Auliya, pers. comm.].

Phylogenetics: Python reticulatus and Python timoriensis are paraphyletic with respect to other Python species.

Type species: Constrictor schneideri WAGLER 1830 (= Python Schneideri MERREM 1820) is the type species of the genus Malayopython REYNOLDS et al. 2014. Boa reticulata SCHNEIDER 1801 is the type species of the genus Broghammerus HOSER 2004 and of the genus Malayopython fide BARKER et al. 2015.

Diet: P. reticulatus has been documented killing tigers, panthers and crocodiles (BARONE 2006).

Distribution: most records from India are questionable but Kalki et al. 2018 found one record from Calcutta that may represent a genuine record for mainland India. However, this needs additional confirmation.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin reticulatus, meaning “made like a net”. In reference to the net-like dorsal pattern. 
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