Ancient Civilization

Ancient Civilizations!!!

The term civilization basically means the level of development at which people live together peacefully in communities. Ancient civilization refers specifically to the first settled and stable communities that became the basis for later states, nations, and empires.

The study of ancient civilization is concerned with the earliest segments of the much broader subject called ancient history. The span of ancient history began with the invention of writing about 3100 bc and lasted for more than 35 centuries. Humankind existed long before the written word, but writing made the keeping of a historical record possible (see human origins).

The earliest ancient civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia and Egypt in the Middle East, the Huang He (Yellow River) valley of China, the island of Crete in the Aegean Sea, Central America, and the Indus valley region of what is now Pakistan and India. These civilizations all shared some characteristics. They created writing systems and established cities. They acquired metalworking and pottery-making skills. They domesticated animals and established quite sophisticated class-based social structures.

In addition to written accounts and carved inscriptions, archaeologists' work is a major source of information about ancient peoples. In the last 200 years, the majority of important archaeological discoveries have been discovered. Some of the most significant archaeological discoveries in China were made after the late 1970s, and the Sumerian culture of Mesopotamia was discovered in the 1890s.

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S. Stesha Iinika

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